Lances de Gademotta Ethiopie Homo Heidelbergensis

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Ca date de novembre 2013…

©photo TD White
http://inside.tru.ca/2014/01/23/prehistoric-hunters/
Ce sont les lances les plus anciennes qui ont été trouvées, munies de pointes en obsidienne, les études de fractures prouvent qu’elles ont été lancées, elles sont datées de 280 000 ans et attribuées non pas à Homo Sapiens mais peut-être à Homo Heidebergensis !!!
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/11/131126-oldest-javelins-stone-weapons-projectiles-human-evolution-science/
En conclusion de l’article du National Geographic :
« In the future, the researchers would like to discover when humans began using even more complex mechanically propelled weapons, such as the bow and arrow, and the spear-thrower known as the atlatl, which may have been developed between 60,000 and 100,000 years ago. These weapons may have helped modern humans expand out of Africa and outcompete Neanderthals, they noted. »
La publication scientifique (Yonatan Sahle , W. Karl Hutchings, David R. Braun, Judith C. Sealy, Leah E. Morgan, Agazi Negash, Balemwal Atnafu) permet de comprendre comment les types de fractures permettent de déduire la vitesse du projectile (« velocity-dependent microfracture features ») et de conclure que ces pointes étaient emmanchées sur des hampes qui ont été lancées à la main.
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0078092#authcontrib
« The evidence for the earliest composite projectile weaponry at Gademotta >279 ka is significant because it provides direct evidence for a highly advantageous, complex technology that pre-dates the emergence of H. sapiens [35]. Complex behaviors are therefore found amongst more than one hominin species, and are not unique to H. sapiens [36]–[38]. The evolution of our lineage was shaped by complex interactions between biology, environment and culture [39]. Throwing of composite stone-tipped javelins was one stage in a long process with much deeper evolutionary roots. Roach and colleagues [40] have recently shown that hominins’ ability to throw effectively depends upon a cluster of features in the anatomy of the shoulder, and that this first appeared in H. erectus about 2 million years ago. They argue that throwing – leading to an increase in hunting success – helped to shape the evolutionary trajectory of Homo. »

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Super info, merci !
Des pointes Levallois ou Moustériennes ou d’inspiration, en Obsidienne, pour des armes de jet !
Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago ! :woohoo:

Figure 2. A sample of Gademotta pointed artifacts exhibiting micro- and
macrofracture features indicative of projectile weaponry.
(A, B) fracture wings on transverse fractures; (C, D) fracture wings on
burin-like fractures; (E) impact fractures on two fracture fronts on the distal portion.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092.g002

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